3 - Graphene-based hybrid materials for advanced batteries

Abstract

With the rising demand for abundant and safer energy storage, rechargeable nonlithium ion electrochemical systems are being increasingly considered as alternatives to lithium-ion battery (LIB) systems. However, as these alternative ions, owing to their large sizes, have their own kinetic and structural, upgraded electrode architectures become an important necessity. It is here that 2D materials, due to the large number of favorable properties such as high surface area, elevated electrical and thermal conductivities, and enhanced chemical and mechanical stability are deemed to play a very important role. Also, novel fabrication techniques have been developed which aim to greatly tailor and take advantage of the variety of fascinating morphology and layered structures that 2D materials provide. It is the also expected that a combination of 2D materials, as a hybrid, will further enhance the overall electrochemical performance. Recent studies along those lines have demonstrated, synergistic effects between graphene and other 2D materials including transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, and phosphorene based anodes have been observed. In this chapter, applications and performances of graphene-based 2D hybrid anodes for advanced nonlithium batteries (sodium-ion, potassium-ion, and magnesium-ion battery systems) is presented.