3 - Abrasive Processes

Abstract

This chapter discusses abrasive machining that usually describes processes in which the individual cutting edges are not only distributed but also more randomly oriented. There are several processes and types with various bases for their typology. The type of tool is the first classification criterion. Further, this chapter discusses bonded abrasive processes wherein the process of grinding is discussed first. The grinding process is most easily understood with reference to the abrasive grits (hard particles with sharp edges) bonded into a wheel which rotates at high speed. The orientation of individual grains is random; therefore, a grain may encounter the workpiece surface with a positive, zero, or, as is most likely, with a negative rake angle. The consequences of this process depend on the depth of engagement. The geometry of grinding is as multivariable as other machining processes. Some common grinding operations include surface grinding with a horizontal spindle, surface grinding with a vertical spindle, cylindrical grinding, internal grinding, centerless grinding, and form (plunge) grinding. Next, the processes of coated abrasive machining and honing are discussed in detail.