3,6-Epidioxy-1,10-bisaboladiene and sulfasalazine synergistically induce ferroptosis-like cell death in human breast cancer cell lines.

Abstract

3,6-Epidioxy-1,10-bisaboladiene (EDBD) is an endoperoxide compound isolated from edible wild plants that induces iron-dependent ferroptosis-like cell death in HL-60 cells by decreasing the expression of GPX4 and glutathione. In contrast, sulfasalazine (SSZ), a clinically used anti-inflammatory drug, induces ferroptosis through the system xc-. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effects of these two compounds on three human breast cancer cell lines (HBC-5, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231). EDBD-induced cell death was relieved by the lipid peroxidation inhibitor ferrostatin-1 and the iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate indicating that EDBD induced ferroptosis-like cell death. Moreover, cotreatment with EDBD and SSZ synergistically induced cell death in all three cell lines. Because the cytotoxicity of the cotreatment was inhibited by deferoxamine mesylate and ferrostatin-1, the combination of EDBD and sulfasalazine synergistically induced ferroptosis. Collectively, EDBD enhanced the effects of SSZ as a clinical anti-inflammatory and anticancer drug candidate.