28 - Miscellaneous and Emerging Canine Respiratory Viral Infections

Abstract

•First Described: Respiratory disease in dogs was first described in 1961 in Canada (due to CAdV-2). With the exception of SARS-CoV-2, the most newly recognized virus, canine hepacivirus, was described in the United States in 2011.•Proposed Causes: CAdV, CIV (and other influenza viruses), CPIV, CRCoV, CHV, canine pneumovirus, possibly reoviruses, bocaviruses, and canine hepacivirus.•Geographic Distribution: Worldwide.•Mode of Transmission: Aerosol transmission or close contact, sometimes fomites.•Major Clinical Signs: Harsh or honking cough, serous nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, fever (uncomplicated disease). Fever, lethargy, inappetence, tachypnea, productive cough, mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharge, rarely death (complicated disease).•Differential Diagnoses: Upper and lower respiratory diseases such as airway collapse, bordetellosis, Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection or other bacterial pneumonia, fungal or protozoal pneumonia, respiratory tract neoplasia, airway foreign bodies, chronic bronchitis, eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy or granulomatosis, parasitic infections (such as Filaroides, Oslerus, Capillaria, Paragonimus, Dirofilaria), aspiration bronchopneumonia, left-sided congestive heart failure.•Human Health Significance: Viruses that cause CIRD generally are not considered zoonotic. However, the emergence of human influenza virus infections in dogs, particularly in eastern Asia, is a growing concern. At the time of writing, it remains unclear whether dogs can be a source of human infection with SARS-CoV-2.