Abstract
The kidneys may be affected by a variety of systemic vasculitides, especially those targeting small vessels. This chapter reviews kidney involvement by small-vessel vasculitis caused by anti–neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA), including microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA); medium-vessel vasculitis, including polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) and Kawasaki disease; and large-vessel vasculitis, including giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis. The pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathology, differential diagnosis, and treatment of each form of vasculitis are reviewed. Diagnosis of kidney injury caused by vasculitis requires synthesis of clinical, laboratory, and pathologic data and is essential for appropriate therapy and optimum patient outcome.
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