26 - Avian Mycoplasmas

Abstract

Publisher Summary Avian mycoplasmas are primarily associated with respiratory diseases of chickens and turkeys, although synovitis is sometimes significant. They are the smallest free-living bacterial organisms, having no rigid cell wall but possessing a limiting membrane that is antigenic. Their reproductive cycle is complex but variable, frequently with elementary bodies often arising from a budding-type process. The mycoplasmas are fastidious organisms that require a protein-base medium enriched with various sterols. Approximately, 20 serotypes of mycoplasma have been characterized from avian sources. Those serotypes representing significant pathogens have been given genus and species designations. This chapter discusses focuses on the most significant members: Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma meleagridis, Mycoplasma synoviae, and Mycoplasma iowae. Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection is commonly designated as a chronic respiratory disease of chickens and infectious sinusitis of turkeys. It has rarely caused infection in pheasants and quail. Mycoplasma meleagridis infection is very common in turkeys throughout the world. The chapter also presents a summary concerning the major aspects of Mycoplasma associated with poultry.