Abstract
Aim. To determine serum 25(OH)D and plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG), and pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) to assess potential associations between vitamin D status and the above mentioned diseases.
 Methods. We included 238 patients (105 males and 133 females) aged from 55 to 75 years. One hundred twenty two patients had PEG, 46 patients had POAG, 32 had PES. 38 subjects were healthy, and were considered as the control group. Cases with clinically significant systemic diseases and concomiatant eye diseases were excluded, if there was a confirmed pathogenic impact of vitamin D and MMP. The serum 25(OH)D level was investigated by immunochemiluminescence method, plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels by ELISA.
 Results. Serum 25(OH)D level was between 4.6 and 82.25 nM/l (mean 41.7 nM/l), so most participants showed vitamin D deficiency. It was shown that mean serum 25(OH)D level in patients with PEG, POAG and PES was similar (39.3 1.2, 38.8 2.1 and 40.51 2.4 nM/l, p 0.05), but it was lower than those in the control group (52.7 2.1 nM/l, p 0.01). Plasma MMP-2 concentration was the same in all study groups. Plasma MMP-9 level was higher in POAG and PES patients (48.23 3.26 and 54.01 3.57 ng/ml) than in the control group (32.60 2.34 ng/ml, p 0.001) and in patients with PEG (40.86 3.60 ng/ml, p 0.05). We found positive correlations between MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in patients with PEG (r = 0.48, p = 0.001) and patients with POAG (r = 0.43, p = 0.003). The correlation analysis showed also a negative relation between 25(OH)D and MMP-9 (r = 0.32, p = 0.02), as well as MMP-2 (r = 0.33, p = 0.02) in patients with POAG.
 Summary. Study results confirmed a potential role of vitamin D in apoptosis regulation and tissue remodeling in patients with POAG and PES. Hence, vitamin D deficiency can be considered as a risk factor for glaucoma development.
Highlights
Цель работы: определить уровень 25-гидроксивитамина D в сыворотке крови и матриксных металлопротеиназ-2 и -9 (ММП) в плазме крови у больных первичной открытоугольной глаукомой (ПОУГ), псевдоэксфолиативной глаукомой (ПЭГ) и псевдоэксфолиативным синдромом (ПЭС), для уточнения влияния уровня обеспеченности витамином D на развитие указанных состояний
Plasma MMP-9 level was higher in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) patients (48.23 ± 3.26 and 54.01 ± 3.57 ng/ml) than in the control group (32.60 ± 2.34 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG) patients (40.86 ± 3.60 ng/ml, p < 0.05)
We found positive correlations between MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in patients with PEG (r = 0.48, p = 0.001) and patients with POAG (r = 0.43, p = 0.003)
Summary
Цель работы: определить уровень 25-гидроксивитамина D в сыворотке крови и матриксных металлопротеиназ-2 и -9 (ММП) в плазме крови у больных первичной открытоугольной глаукомой (ПОУГ), псевдоэксфолиативной глаукомой (ПЭГ) и псевдоэксфолиативным синдромом (ПЭС), для уточнения влияния уровня обеспеченности витамином D на развитие указанных состояний. Что у пациентов ПЭГ, ПОУГ и ПЭС уровень 25(OH)D в сыворотке крови не отличался (39,3 ± 1,2, 38,8 ± 2,1 и 40,51 ± 2,4 нмоль/л соответственно, p > 0,05), но был ниже, чем в группе контроля (52,7 ± 2,1 нмоль/л, p < 0,01). Уровень ММП-9 в плазме крови у пациентов с ПОУГ и ПЭС был достоверно выше (48,23 ± 3,26 и 54,01 ± 3,57 нг/мл соответственно), чем в контрольной группе (32,60 ± 2,34 нг/мл, p < 0,001) и в группе ПЭГ (40,86 ± 3,60 нг/мл, p < 0,05 и p < 0,01 соответственно). To determine serum 25(OH)D and plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG), and pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) –
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