Abstract
This chapter describes the appearance of ferromagnetic ordering in TiO2 as a result of doping and the defects that result. Although TiO2 is a nonmagnetic semiconducting oxide, various research groups have reported ferromagnetism in undoped and doped TiO2 nanostructures. The emergence of ferromagnetic ordering in this nonmagnetic system has revealed the significant role of defects in inducing magnetization and making it suitable for the fabrication of spintronics-based devices. The ferromagnetism in TiO2 has been attributed to the nature of the dopants as well as various types of defects and disorders such as oxygen vacancies, interstitial cation vacancies, or the coexistence of both types of defects. The role of anion and cation vacancies in creating local magnetic moments and establishing long-range ordering via oxygen vacancies; and the emergence of d0 ferromagnetism in association with defects entangling neighboring spins and manipulating them to align in a specific direction are detailed here.
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