Abstract
Nanoclusters are nanoformulations establishing an association between nanoparticles and atoms, with particle sizes less than 2nm, wherein they develop extensive properties like the capability to cross the blood-brain barrier, leading to various applications in bioimaging, diagnosis as well as treatment in several biomedical fields and brain-related conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, brain tumors, etc. Nanoclusters display superior abilities like optical and magnetic properties, fluorescence emission, electrical conductivity, electronic transitions, and magnetic resonance, leading to employment in theranostic approaches for accurate early detection of neurotransmitters and effective treatment of the diseases. The presence of the blood-brain barrier into the CNS causes limitations for the entry of drugs and other foreign compounds into the brain. Therefore, the progression of NCs and conjugation with metals, proteins, and polymers produces superior candidates with better biocompatibility and chemical stability, extending the applications in enhanced, controlled, sustained, and targeted drug transport systems through the blood-brain barrier.
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