Abstract
Turbulence modification by polymer solution (Toms effect) had contributed to various flow systems such as pipe flows, including two-phase flow systems. However there are few studies on the Toms effect at the gas liquid interface, e.g., free surface. The turbulence modification on the free surface is highly related to the free surface turbulence. In this study, Toms effect at a free surface was experimentally investigated. The test section was a rectangular tank having a free surface. A circular nozzle was set horizontally beneath the free surface to form a jet. The jet interacted with the free surface, causing the wavy free surface condition. In previous studies, free surface with polymer additives are known to be much calm. This should be the consequence of turbulence under the free surface. PIV technique was applied to evaluate the flow field under the free surface. Instantaneous velocity distribution was obtained. Water jet expanded wide, while the Polymer jet had less jet expansion angle. Polymer additives reduced entrainment of the jet. The modification at the free surface was a consequence of Toms effect by polymer additives at the turbulent jet.
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