Abstract
In hybrid electric vehicles, an internal combustion engine (ICE) and electric motors (EMs) are equipped for improving the fuel consumption and the emissions. To improve them simultaneously, a well-organized energy management system (EMS) should be developed. In this paper, a novel EMS considering torque control is developed, in which a function called the torque control function is introduced to control the driving mode, the target ICE torque, and the target EM torque. In addition, a sequential approximate optimization using a radial basis function network is adopted to determine the torque control function. CO_2 and NO_x are so closely related the fuel consumption and the emissions, and they are then simultaneously minimized. A multi-objective design optimization is formulated, and the torque control function is determined with a small number of simulation runs. The worldwide harmonized light duty driving test cycle is used to examine the validity of the proposed EMS using the torque control function.
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