Abstract
The annual Indiana Geological and Water Survey calendar focuses on an area of Survey research, interest or history. The topic of the 2024 calendar is critical minerals, earth materials that are essential to economic prosperity and national security. They include metals like lithium, nickel, and cobalt, rare earth elements, and other valuable minerals. Critical minerals are found in small concentrations, often with other mineral deposits, making them difficult and expensive to extract. The U.S. is increasingly dependent upon foreign sources of the processed versions of critical minerals. China controls the market for processing and refining, which leaves most of the world reliant upon imports.
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