20 - Fabrication of duplex-layer coating on metallic implants: Advanced surface modification of metallic implants for orthopedic applications

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite is a bioceramic, which resembles the chemical composition of human hard tissue and has been widely used as a bone graft material for the replacement of hard tissues and coating of metallic implants. During the last two decades, the successful design of bone graft materials for the biomedical implant applications is highly required. But the release of toxic metal ions from the implant surface leads to the corrosion in the physiological solution, which induces permanent implant failure, thus leading to revision surgery. Thus, the surface modification of the metallic implants by bioactive bone-like material (bioceramics, biopolymers, etc.) is the need of the hour in the field of biomedical implant applications, especially in the field of orthopedics. This work summarizes the development of duplex layer of biomaterials on the metallic implants. This duplex coating of polymers and hydroxyapatite bioceramics on metallic implants improves their biocompatibility, bioactivity, antibacterial activity, and corrosion resistance with enhanced mechanical properties. Various techniques for achieving the duplex-layer coatings on metallic implants for biomedical implant applications have constantly been exploited. In this chapter, we provide an overview of duplex layer of conducting polymer and mineral-substituted hydroxyapatite coatings through the electrodeposition method on metallic implants for orthopedic applications. The needs and existing challenges for the development of duplex coating of biomaterials on the metallic implant surface for bone implant applications are explained, thereby emphasizing promising strategies in the field of biomedical implant applications.