Abstract
The tyres are crucial functional elements for the transmission of longitudinal, lateral and vertical forces between a vehicle and a road. The tyre properties should be as constant as possible and hence, predictable by the driver.. As tyres significantly affect the handling properties of vehicles, the properties of original tyres— the tyres with which the vehicle is supplied to the customer—are specified by the vehicle manufacturers in conjunction with the tyre manufacturers. To ensure driving safety it is essential that the tyre sits firmly on the rim. This is achieved by a special tyre bead design (tyre foot) and the safety rim, which is the only type of rim in use today. All tyres and rims are standardized to guarantee interchangeability, to guarantee the possibility of using tyres from different manufacturers but with the same designation on one vehicle and to restrict the variety of tyre types worldwide. In order to guarantee driving safety, the aim is also to ensure that tyres are as insensitive to overloading and as puncture-proof as possible and that they have emergency running properties which make it possible for the driver to bring the vehicle safely to a halt in case of tyre failure.
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