Abstract
The stress at the edge of a hole, or at a notch root, has a higher value than the remote stress. This phenomenon is called ‘stress concentration’. Fatigue cracks mostly initiate at the sites of stress concentrations. Once a crack initiates, we have to consider the stress concentration of the crack. However, it must be noted that the characteristics of stress concentration at a crack tip are quite different from those at holes and notches. An understanding of the basic features of stress concentration is needed to understand the main topic of this book, which develops a new idea for the quantitative evaluation of the effect on fatigue strength of small defects, small cracks, and nonmetallic inclusions.
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