Abstract
This chapter focuses on some of the tools that are commonly employed in cement science and those that may have potentiality in cement investigations. It also provides a brief discussion of the standards and specifications on cement and concrete with reference to North American, Canadian and RILEM standards. Advancements in the science and technology of cements and admixtures are related to the utilization of different techniques and proper interpretation of the data derived from them. X-ray diffraction is one of the established techniques used in cement science. It is capable of identifying, estimating and elucidating the structure of many unhydrated and hydrated phases of portland cement. X-ray diffraction is used to follow the kinetics of hydration of cement both in the presence and absence of admixtures. Various hydration products that are formed at higher temperatures are identified by x-rays.
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