Abstract
Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) represent some of the most common, morbid, deadly, and costly surgical complications. This chapter details the latest knowledge regarding risk factors for PPC. As well as providing tools for identifying high-risk patients, a discussion of procedure details is also provided. Strategies for preoperative and postoperative patient management are also reviewed. Urologists should identify and inform patients who smoke of the associated risk factors for pulmonary complications as well as for urothelial cancer. The chapter provides extensive discussion regarding specific complications including atelectasis, pneumothorax, and pulmonary embolism. A review of more recent information regarding the risks of obstructive sleep apnea and novel risk stratification tools are also detailed. Additionally, the chapter examines specific approaches to common urologic procedures and their associated pulmonary risks including percutaneous nephrolithotomy and laparoscopic urologic surgery. Strategies for prevention and management of these complications are provided.
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