Abstract
This chapter discusses the melting of raw materials. The cupola furnace is an aggregate for melting of magma rocks and supplements where coke is used as the energy source. The furnace is filled downward with preliminary prepared packages of magma rocks and coke. Several chemical and heat processes occur there. The melting process is controlled by the composition and the amount of inserted materials and by the underdraft. The underdraft is essential for proper operation of the cupola furnace and is used as a melting velocity regulator, and it directly influences the melt characteristics. It is enabled by concentrically displaced nozzles across the furnace periphery, through which the air is supplied at an exactly determined amount and temperature. The air can be enriched with oxygen. Because of the underdraft, coke burns out more intensively. As a result, extremely hot gas is created that travels through the cupola furnace upward, passing the heat energy over to the magma rocks and coke. The gas leaves the cupola furnace cooled down to approximately 400°C. Because of heat transfer, the inserted materials in the zone above the nozzles begin to melt and flow toward the bottom of the cupola. The melt level is controlled with a siphon.
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