Abstract
Second generation biodiesel could contribute to significant reductions in carbon dioxide emissions from transport because the biofeedstock used for their production is considered to be carbon neutral. This chapter examines the life cycle sustainability of second generation biodiesel derived from different feedstocks and produced in different production systems, including integrated biorefineries. The environmental sustainability aspects considered include water use, global warming, acidification, eutrophication and loss of biodiversity. The socio-economic impacts are also reviewed, including feedstock and capital costs, value added through production of by-products as well as the social acceptability of biofuels. The future viability of biodiesel is also discussed.
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