Abstract

Animal models have long been used as a surrogate for human testing for the creation of innovative new medical therapies, from chemotherapies to new surgical instruments. The field of endourology is no exception with rats, rabbits, dogs, and pigs having been used most commonly to investigate new devices, procedures, or materials. This chapter will explore the history of in vivo studies of ureteral stents, compare the benefits of the in vivo model with the in vitro model, examine each animal's particular role and contribution to the study of ureteral stents, and finally provide some perspective on future studies utilizing in vivo animal models.

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