Abstract
Science has succeeded tremendously in making metal oxides more visible and widely used in numerous applications as an active catalyst or supporting material. Metal oxides made from an inorganic material are driven by the surface chemistry and quantum confining effect, along with a reduction in size and nanosizing. By taking TiO2 and ZnO as examples, the surface chemistry, such as the nucleation and crystallization of metal oxide, will be discussed in the determination of metal oxide size. Additionally, the formation of chemical bonding, including covalent and ionic bonding, will be reviewed in this chapter, together with defects associated with metal oxides. In addition, changes to metal oxide will improve the transportation of charge carriers and lower the rate of recombination.
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