儲運天數、溫度、乙烯及1-MCP對天南星科觀葉植物儲後生長及光合作用第二系統之影響

Abstract

The potted foliage plants of Taiwan have potential to transport to international markets. However, the storage environments may cause stress, and decrease poststorage quality. Thus the objectives of this thesis were to study the effects of storage duration, temperature, ethylene and 1-MCP on poststorage growth and photosystemⅡ in Araceae potted foliage plants. According to acceptable postproduction quality based on the numbers of chlorotic, necrotic leaves and/or rating, Aglaonema ‘Chalit’s Fantasy’ and Anthurium scherzerianum Lind. ‘Pink Champion’ could be stored at 15 or 20℃ for 14 days, Dieffenbachia ‘Mars’ and Spathiphyllum kochii L. ‘Calypso’could be stored at 15℃ for 14 days, Zamioculcas zamiifolia could be stored at 16, 23 or 30℃ for 14 days, Alocasia amazonica could be stored at 16℃ for 14 days, Aglaonema commutatum Schott. ‘White Tip’, D. picta (Lodd.) Schott. ‘Vesuvius’ and S. kochii L. ‘Sensation’ could be stored at 16 or 23℃ for 7 days, Aglaonema ‘Pattaya Beauty’ could be stored at 15 or 20℃ for 7 days, and D.(Jacq.) Schott ‘Tropic Marianne’ could be stored at 16℃ for 7 days. Aglaonema nitidum (Jacq.) Kunth ‘Curtisii’ stored at 16, 23 or 30℃ for 14 days, D. seguine Nichols ‘Tropic Snow’ stored at 16℃ for 7 or 14 days, and Philodendron ‘Imperial Green’ stored at 16 or 23℃ for 7 or 14 days had poor poststorage quality and were unsalable. Ethylene may decrease poststorage quality in foliage plants that are sensitive to ethylene. Exposure to 4.5 μL•L-1 ethylene during storage for 5 or 7 days decreased SPAD-502 value and Fv/Fm of the lowest leaves and rating, and increased chlorotic leaves in Aglaonema commutatum Schott. ‘White Tip’. In contrast, exposure to 4.5 μL•L-1 ethylene did not alter on SPAD-502 value and Fv/Fm of the lowest leaves, chlorotic leaves and rating in Aglaonema ‘Chalit’s Fantasy’. Exposure to 4.7 μL•L-1 ethylene during storage for 7 days decreased Fv/Fm of the lowest leaves and quality, and increased numbers of chlorotic and necrotic leaves in Diffenbachia ‘Vesuvius’ and ‘Tropic Marianne’. More decrease of poststorage Fv/Fm of the lowest leaves wae measured in D. picta (Lodd.) Schott. ‘Vesuvius’ than D. (Jacq.) Schott ‘Tropic Marianne’. Regardless of ethylene or not, D. seguine Nichols ‘Tropic Snow’ exhibited decreased Fv/Fm of the lowest leaves, and increased chlorotic and necrotic leaves, and poor postproduction. Exposure to 0.8 μL•L-1 ethylene during storage decreased SPAD-502 value, Fv/Fm and quantum yield of the lowest leaves in Aglaonema ‘White tip’. Exposure to 4.1 μL•L-1 ethylene caused damage more seriously. Exposure to 1.0 μL•L-1 ethylene during storage did not effect Fv/Fm and quantum yield of the lowest leaves in Diffenbachia ‘Vesuvius’, but exposure to 2.3 μL•L-1 ethylene during storage increased number of chlorotic leaves and decreased rating. Exposure to 0.7 μL•L-1 ethylene during storage decreased SPAD-502 value, Fv/Fm and quantum yield of the lowest leaves in Diffenbachia ‘Tropic Marianne’, and exposure to 4.1 μL•L-1 ethylene caused more damage. Exposure to 0.6 μL•L-1 ethylene during storage decreased SPAD-502 value, Fv/Fm and quantum yield of the lowest leaves in P. ‘Imperial Green’, and exposure to 3.9 μL•L-1 ethylene results in more damage. Differential efficient concentration and adaptable treatment time of 1-MCP were determined in various species or cultivars. To prevent the damage of ethylene, A. commutatum Schott. ‘White Tip’ could be treated with 300 nL•L-1 1-MCP for 6 hours, D. picta (Lodd.) Schott. ‘Vesuvius’ and D.(Jacq.) Schott ‘Tropic Marianne’ with 600 nL•L-1 1-MCP for 6 hours, and P. ‘Imperial Green’ with 600 nL•L-11-MCP for 2 hours. After 1-MCP treatments, Araceae foliage plants which are sensitive to ethylene had fewer chlorotic leaves, higher rating, Fv/Fm and SPAD-502 value of the lowest leaves.