蘇聯解體後烏茲別克斯坦政治經濟發展之研究(1991~2005)

Abstract

Due to its geopolitical position, historical background and economic basis, potentially Uzbekistan is the most powerful and influential nation in the Middle Asia Region. The current leadership of the country already positions Uzbekistan as a center of the regional political, security and economic integration. These factors determine the role of the country in the regional and global politics. The impact of Uzbekistan on the regional and global affairs will be the result of the success, or failure of painful process of reforms, which started in this country almost two decades ago. The leadership of the post-Soviet Uzbekistan proclaimed its intention to turn the country in to a nation enjoying all the freedoms of the modern democratic society and prosperity founded on market economy. The results of the uneasy process of reformation of the country, as the study shows, are limited. Nowadays Uzbekistan still remains in fact a small copy of the Soviet Union, but without communist ideology. President who enjoys his power almost for two decades and obviously has no intention to resign, looks more like traditional authoritarian ruler, than the President of the democratic country. The parliament is firmly controlled by the pro-presidential party, the former Uzbekistan communist parry. Other small political groupings with limited influence are loyal to the current President. In terms of economic reforms, Uzbekistan is still an economy ruled mainly from governmental offices, but not mechanisms of market. Despite detailed legislation on privatization of industry and some efforts that were undertaken, the state still controls economic fundamentals of the country. The basic contradiction of the process of reforms, which other post-communistic countries face - between stability and radical reformation of the old political and economic system, is obvious in Uzbekistan more, than anywhere else.