Abstract
When an excavation in rock is made entirely underground, there are somewhat different rock mechanics circumstances primarily related to the nature of the rock mass and stiffness of the loading system. At depth, the weathering and rock fracturing will be less intense, so the rock mass will be more coherent, stiffer and stronger. However, the rock stress and water pressure increase with increasing depth, so there will be a greater potential for stress-induced damage and water pressure effects such as water pressure-induced block movements. For rock engineering underground, more information is required about the rock conditions than for engineering at the surface, but generally less is available.
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