Abstract
Sustainable energy contributes to reducing the dependence on the use of fossil fuel resources, thus providing the opportunity to reduce greenhouse gases. The renewable technologies may be divided into three generations. The first commenced in the nineteenth century and was hydro-, biomass- and geothermal-power. The second stage started during the 1980s and consists of wind power, tidal and wave power, and solar power. The third stage is under development and is gasification, bio-refinery and ocean power. This chapter describes and discusses the second generation of renewable technologies and the phase to which each has currently progressed; these developments have been rapid. It also forms an introduction to Chapter 20 which considers the significance of equipment made from advanced polymer composite materials in obtaining sustainable energy.
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