阿根廷勞工運動之研究(1878~1999)

Abstract

The Argentine labor movement has been a long, soul-stirring and complicated history of fights. In the second half of the 19th century, ever since getting in touch with the capitalist country from Europe, Argentina began it’s process of industrialization, and a new social force – the working class appeared. Under the oppressions of foreign and domestic monopolized capitalists, labors were extremely poor and lived without rights. Under such situation, Argentine labor movement was promoted and launched by European immigrants who engaged in labor and believed in anarchism, syndicalism and socialism. With the fast industrial development in the 20th century, the number of labor increased rapidly and the working class exerted an influence in Argentine political life. Also, different ideologies influenced each other and guided Argentine labor movement, thus, it showed different position and development in each period. And the Argentine labor movement developed from a simple economic resistance to a political strike in order to obtain political objectives. In 1940’s, Argentine working class consisted mainly in population moved from rural area to city, instead of European immigrants. This large-scale rising working class participated in Argentine politics actively. Furthermore, Juan Domingo Peron converted the new working class into his political resource and important support. Under the encouragement and strong support of Peron government, Argentine labor movement advanced vigorously. Later, no matter in the military government, which suppressed the labor movement, or in the democratic government, which recognized the labor movement; Argentine labor movement never disappeared. It demonstrated certain influence in Argentine politics, economy and society constantly. Later, in the 1950’s, the change of international situation, the rise of communist countries and the collapse of colonial system did move up Argentine labor movement adequately. Subsequently, nowadays, the same as other countries in the world, Argentine was influenced by the trend of globalization, democratization, and free market policy. By which, Argentine labor movement has to reconsider their strategy and reform their organization. The research adopts historical research and document analytical method. The author emphasizes in tracing back to understand, in each period, how the domestic and international situation of Argentina influenced the labors and the development of labor organizations, so as to discover how the labor movement influenced Argentine politics, economy and society. Finally, the author attempts to analyze and compare the labor movement in each period, and tries to extract some characteristics of Argentine labor movement itself.