Abstract
Zein, protein from maize and rich in glutamine and proline, has been studied for its ecofriendliness (biodegradable, atoxic, low cost, and bioavailable) and for demonstrating properties such as hydrophobicity, adhesion, high film-forming capacity, good binding capacity with drugs, elasticity, and potential for cellular absorption. In this chapter, we review the properties of zein as a molecule, in addition to discussing the applications of this compound in edible coatings and films for food as well as its application in nanotechnology as an encapsulating material. Zein-based films combined with other polymers have demonstrated good gas, light, and water barrier properties, as well as good mechanical and antimicrobial properties, demonstrating application potential to increase the shelf-life of food products. As an edible coating, zein has the property of being used alone, showing good water barrier properties, and the ability to be combined with other molecules that together, as a composite, demonstrate the ability to increase the shelf-life of various food products. Zein can also be used in nanoencapsules with good properties to contain and release bioactive compounds to perform specific functions. Thus, zein is a green polymer, recognized as safe for food, medical, and engineering applications.
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