18 - Key issues in reinforcement involving nanocellulose

Abstract

Nanocellulose, either as cellulose nanocrystals or cellulose nanofibrils, is being used as reinforcement for different types of composites because of its high specific area, low density, biodegradability, and natural origin. But there are still some key aspects that represent an important challenge in the elaboration of composites or other products involving nanocellulose. These are related to the dispersion within the matrix and surface characteristics that can reduce the mechanical properties with the generation of defects in the structure, or the orientation of the nanocellulose elements, as orientation plays an important role in the composite reaction to multidirectional forces. This chapter will present different challenges and summarize composite mechanical theories that the use of nanocellulose particles has represented in the elaboration of composites as well as the different ways in which such challenges have been faced.