18 - Identity formation in adolescence and young adulthood

Abstract

In this chapter, we discuss identity formation during adolescence and young adulthood focusing on two prominent contemporary models. Both models are extensions of Marcia’s (1966) original model of identity formation, in which dimensions of commitment and exploration are split into three or five processes. We review research on general developmental trends in identity formation, heterogeneity in these trends, and the micro-level (i.e., daily) mechanisms driving identity development. To show why one should care about the identity development of adolescents and young adults, empirical findings highlighting linkages between identity processes and adjustment in various domains are reviewed. These domains cover psychopathology symptoms, emotions, academic functioning, and various interpersonal relationships within the family and with peers. The relevance of identity formation for the development of the broader personality is discussed, as theories and empirical findings on the associations of identity with normative and pathological personality traits are reviewed. We conclude that research on identity formation is blooming and point to some directions for future research.