Abstract
A polysaccharide is a long chain of carbohydrate molecules or units bound by glycosidic bonds. Polysaccharides can be obtained from plants or other living organisms. The uses of polysaccharides in our daily life are innumerable in various forms including foods, clothes, papers, and medicines. Starch, glycogen, keratin, chitin, chitosan, and cellulose are important types of polysaccharides. They have also been utilized in various applications including the construction industry and treatments of effluent coming from domestic, agricultural, and industry sectors. These compounds are found to be broken down by amylases, cellulases, hemicellulases, or pectinase, depending on the chemical structures and their specificity. The composite or cross-linking of polysaccharide is found to enhance the chemical and/or mechanical properties after necessary modifications. Polysaccharides are one of the largest produced and traded materials used around the world. We aim to discuss polysaccharide types, structures, compositions, sources, and industrial applications of all types of polysaccharides with a focus on starch and cellulose.
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