Abstract
This chapter discusses the mapping the brain activity associated with complex cognitive functions—problem solving, reasoning, numerical processing, and consciousness. One of the most widely used tasks in brain mapping studies of problem solving is the Raven's progressive matrices. The role of frontoparietal circuits in numerical cognition has been confirmed by a positron emission tomography (PET) investigation of number multiplication and number comparison, in which bilateral frontoparietal networks are activated during both tasks. Various other regions are also found activated in this investigation, in which an exploratory, hypotheses-generating approach determined relatively “liberal” statistical thresholds. The consciousness of action is an important component of consciousness. However, the most common approach to the study of consciousness and its neural counterpart in cognitive neuroscience is via perception and visual awareness. A variety of brain mapping techniques, from PET and functional magnetic resonance imaging to electrical scalp recording, have been already used in investigations directly addressing visual awareness in normal subjects and patients with neurological disorders. A paradigm that is extremely suitable for the examination of conscious perception is binocular rivalry. A different mapping approach to the study of conscious perception is the mapping of temporal neural events.
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