1603年 大崙山慘案 以後 明-呂宋 交易 再改 交涉

Abstract

In the middle of sixteenth century, private trade was flourishing between Haicheng county and Manila. Fujian merchants had held priority to the trade, and the trade enabled them to earn enormous profits. Threatened by the robust activity of Chinese merchants, who had been extending their domain in Manila, Manila Spanish began to burst into massacre of Chinese merchants in 1603. It has been estimated that about twenty or thirty thousands of merchants were killed in the disaster. Some tensions were laid in the middle of the South China sea. Unexpectedly, Manila began to reconcile its trade relation with China. Pedro de Acuña, the governor-general of the Spanish Philippines, dispatched a vessel called Santiago to Macao, where two letters written by Acuña were accompanied. One was sent to governor-general of Guangdong and Guangxi, the other to grand coordinator and provincial governor of Fujian. Two governors sent petitions to the Emperor, whereby he ordered Xu Xueju, the governor of Fujian, to respond in return to Acuña. A group of merchants involved in Manila trade were dispatched to Manila, where both could make agreement to restore the Manila trade impeded by fear of the massacre.