Abstract
This chapter focuses on main protocols and operation of transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP). TCP/IP is the de facto global standard for internet and host-to-host layer implementation of internetwork applications because of the popularity of the Internet. TCP/IP, or the TCP/IP protocol suite, is not limited to the TCP and IP protocols but consists of a multitude of interrelated protocols that occupy the upper three layers of the advanced research projects agency (ARPA) model. TCP/IP does not include the bottom network interface layer but depends on it for access to the medium. For the purpose of routing, a TCP/IP-based internetwork can be divided into several autonomous systems (ASs) or domains. An autonomous system consists of hosts, routers and data links that form several physical networks and are administered by a single authority such as a service provider, university, corporation, or government agency. There are three categories of TCP/IP routing protocols, namely, interior gateway protocols, exterior gateway protocols, and gateway-to-gateway protocols.
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