Internet Routing—The State of the Art

Abstract

The Internet protocols are the world’s most popular open-system (nonproprietary) protocol suite because they can be used to communicate across any set of interconnected networks. In this paper an overview on some internet routing is analyzed. The routing protocols used in the internet are ARPANET protocol, Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Open Shortest Path First protocol (OSPF), Interior Routing Protocol (IRP), Exterior Routing Protocol (ERP), Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP), Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP), Transfer Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP). The routing protocols are used based on reliability, scalability and security. The OSPF protocol has been given the status of being the standard routing protocol for IP internetworks. The routing protocol, which is currently in use, is Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), which is providing to be a great success for transmission of data. TCP provides a reliable connection for the transfer of data between applications. The Internet Protocol (IP) is a network-layer protocol that contains addressing information and source control information that enables packets to be routed. It has two primary responsibilities: providing connectionless, best effort delivery datagrams through an internetwork and providing fragmentation and ressembly of datagrams to support data links with different maximum-transmission unit (MTU) sizes. In addition to the TCP, there is another transport level protocol, the UserDatagram Protocol (UDP) which provides connectionless service for applicationlevel procedures. UDP is useful when TCP would be too complex, too slow or just unnecessary. UDP address is the combination of 32-bit IP address and 16-bit port number. Unlike IP,it does checksum its data,ensuring data integrity.IPv6 is a new version of the Internet protocol based on IPv4.It increases the IP address size from 32 bits to 128 bits to support more levels of addressing hierarchy, much greater number of addressable modes and simpler auto-configuration of address.Scalability of multicast address is introduced.A new type of address called an anycast address is also defined to send a packet to any one of a group of nodes.KeywordsInternet ProtocolInternet Protocol AddressBorder Gateway ProtocolShort Path TreeOpen Short Path FirstThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.