Abstract
Neural guidance conduits (NGCs) have emerged as a potential alternative to autologous neural grafts, the gold standard for peripheral neural repair. A number of NGCs have been used experimentally to bridge peripheral neural defects in various animal tests, where the outcome is neural regeneration and functional recovery. In this chapter, we describe the latest advances of nanofiber composite NGC application in the field of neural tissue engineering (NTE) for peripheral neural regeneration. Firstly, application of synthetic and natural biomaterials used to fabricate nanofiber NGC is discussed. Then we outline new approaches to developing a regulated structural design of NGC for peripheral neural regeneration, including uniaxial aligned nanofiber membrane, nanoyarn inner-filler NGCs, microtube array sheet inner-filler NGCs, and multichannel NGCs. Furthermore, neurotrophic factors incorporated into nanofiber NGCs to promote Schwann cells proliferation and axonal regeneration are discussed. We also discuss the significance of conductive nanofiber NGCs and electrical stimulation in the field of NTE. Finally, we concluded that composite nanofibers offer good potential for NTE applications.
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