16 - Inclusive and Universal Design

Abstract

Universal design has been described as a design method to achieve the inclusion of as many people as possible throughout their life. The British Standard Institute defines inclusive design as ‘The design of mainstream products and/or services that are accessible to, and usable by, as many people as reasonably possible without the need for special adaptation or specialized design’. ‘Design for all’ and ‘Universal design’ have both the same literal meaning. These approaches aim to build environments and websites or products that are accessible to all regardless of age, sex, capacities or cultural background. On the other hand, inclusive design acknowledges the commercial restrictions linked to fulfilling the requirements of an intended audience. Inclusive design suggests that it is not always possible to design a product that addresses the needs of the entire population. However, it is recognized that what makes a product essential for some particular users, it will often make it more accessible and easier to use for everyone else. There are key characteristics that are common and crucial to be able to create an inclusive and obstacle-free environment for people who are blind and partially sighted. These common features refer to lighting, colour contrast, acoustics, signage, protruding objects, detectable warning surfaces, audible pedestrian signals (APS), quiet vehicles, automatic teller, transport ticketing and similar machines and kiosk equipment, and transport hubs.