16 - Enhancing the mechanical and biological performance of a metallic biomaterial for orthopedic applications

Abstract

Extensive research focuses on improvising mechanical as well as biological performance of a metallic biomaterial for enhanced performance of bone implants. In this respect, crystallographic texture was studied as it influences surface energy, corrosion behavior, and modulates osteoblast proliferation through variation in surface water wettability. The porous metallic biomaterials have been studied for bone tissue engineering applications especially in load-bearing implants, as porous structures provide space for bone in growth and vascularization. Thirdly, formation of nanocrystalline surfaces on metal substrates by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) enhances osteoblast attachment and proliferation. Surface nanocrystallization resulted in thicker oxide layer with 50% increased corrosion fatigue in saline. Cellular behavior determines electronic properties of semiconducting passive oxide film. Increased charge carrier density of n-type oxide film, led to the prevention of adhesive protein (fibronectin) denaturation. Cellular adhesion is facilitated by the development of net positive charge on neutral oxide layer. The aforesaid processes for metallic biomaterial used in orthopedic implants have been described.