Abstract
The advancement in the bioelectrochemical system (BES) gathered increasing attention in the removal, recovery, and remediation of nutrients in industrial wastewater treatment. BES is unique in which electrical energy is obtained by the conversion of chemical energy (and vice versa) by utilizing microbes, algae, etc., and the design of BES also lies in the recovery of nutrients from industrial wastewater using the biological approach. The use of a variety of enzymes and microbial catalysts and nonusage of precious metals as catalysts and operations under limited conditions make BES more efficient than conventional fuel cells. Phosphorus and nitrogen are key toxins to be expelled that are recovered from wastewater for practical advancement, and apart from that, precious metals are also recovered from wastewater with the help of BES. BES omits traditional nitrogen removal practices like nitrification and denitrification by implementing an ammonium nitrogen recovery technique, and removal of phosphorus in wastewater occurs by the formation of granules of polyphosphate by polyphosphate-amassing organisms. In this chapter, recent advancements in BES, its types, mechanism, and the influencing factors are explained in detail, and apart from that, the nutrient removal and recovery from industrial wastewater are also highlighted.
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