Abstract
Nuclear spectroscopy involves the measurement of gamma rays, charged particles, and neutrons emitted from atomic nuclei excited by nuclear reactions or following radioactive decay. Techniques using nuclear spectroscopic methods occupy a major role in the fundamental sciences, energy, medicine, and analytical chemistry. The physics of nuclear reactions, radioactive decay, irradiation sources, interactions between radiation and matter, and radiation measurement are described in this chapter. As one of the most important applications of nuclear spectroscopy, trace-element analysis by activation analysis is explained in detail while mentioning some of the applications in the fields of geochemistry, cosmochemistry, archaeology, and environmental science. Other common applications for nuclear spectroscopy include measurement of radiations used in nuclear medicine, monitoring radiation for health physics, analysis of evidence for forensic science, and detection of nuclear materials for homeland security.
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