150 (PB030) - MEKi-based combination strategies for targeting KRAS-driven cancer

Abstract

Background: KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes in human cancer. Recent successes with KRAS G12C-specific inhibitors are changing the treatment paradigm in this subset of cancer patients. An alternative strategy is targeting downstream KRAS effectors, such as MEK. However, MEK inhibitors have historically proven unsuccessful as monotherapy in KRAS mutant cancers, highlighting the need for combinatory approaches. One possibility is the combination of MEK and SOS1 inhibition, which may overcome adaptive resistance to MEKi by blocking SOS1-mediated reactivation of MAPK signaling. Another promising approach is to combine MEKi with inhibitors of Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins. While BET inhibitors exhibit broad anti-tumor activity in preclinical cancer models, BETi monotherapy demonstrated only moderate clinical activity. Resistance to BETi has been, at least partially, attributed to MAPK pathway upregulation, suggesting that a combination with MEKi may help to overcome resistance. Material and Methods: Here, we present BI 3011441, a potent and selective inhibitor of human MEK1/2. Using in vitro assays, we compare BI 3011441 to other clinical stage MEK inhibitors. We also combine BI 3011441 with BI 1701963 and BI 894999 - two potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitors of SOS1 and BET, respectively. Both combinations are tested in vitro and/or in vivo across a panel of KRAS mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), colorectal cancer (CRC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) models. Results: BI 3011441 efficiently inhibits ERK phosphorylation in cell-based assays and demonstrates the strongest in vitro growth inhibition in a panel of BRAF or KRAS mutant cell lines among the MEK inhibitors tested. In vivo, BI 3011441 leads to a dose-dependent modulation of MAPK pathway, which translates into anti-tumor activity in xenograft models of KRAS-driven cancer. The combination of BI 3011441 with SOS1i BI 1701963 synergistically decreases MAPK signaling resulting in enhanced efficacy in xenograft models, including NSCLC, CRC and PDAC. In NSCLC models this combination results in 10% of partial responses (PR) and 70% of stable disease (SD) as defined by modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (mRECIST). In PDAC and CRC models the combination leads to 30% and 43% of SD, respectively. When combined with clinically relevant concentrations of BETi BI 894999, BI 3011441 strongly decreases in vitro proliferation and induces apoptosis in KRAS mutant cancer cells. Synergy is observed in 17 out of 44 cell lines across different indications and harboring different KRAS mutations. Conclusions: In summary, we show that combining BI 3011441 with SOS1 or BET inhibitors may lead to improved responses in KRAS mutant tumors, likely by circumventing MAPK pathway-related adaptive resistance. Conflict of interest: Other Substantive Relationships: The authors are either employees or have financial relationships with Boehringer Ingelheim.