15 - Climate change in developing nations of the world

Abstract

A vivid example of boundary layer research and physical insights obtained thereof is in the studies of the climate, its changes and effects on the environment. Advection, momentum, heat, and mass are all terms commonly used in thermofluids, that are also associated with our climate. The classical boundary layer establishes a foundation from which research and discussions on the atmospheric boundary layer, climate changes and global warming are possible. It provides a platform for characterizing convectively and perhaps radiatively driven flows that equally define the behavioral aspects of atmospheric boundary layer. The planetary or atmospheric boundary layer is a vigorously mixed convective layer. Many of the concepts and results from classical boundary layer theory can be readily applied to planetary boundary layer approximations. For example, the oceans play a major role in maintaining the Earth's energy balance and supporting CO2 from the atmosphere. Similar to thin boundary layer flows, the atmosphere and oceans are equally thin layers of fluid with gravitational and rotational acceleration effects. To solve a problem, one must first acknowledge its existence and the realities experienced or associated with the problem. The climate crisis facing planet Earth is a challenging problem to solve. The geographic and temporal distribution of climate change effects tasks each and every one of us to make changes to our manner of energy use for the sustainable benefit of the planet. Climate change prevention, adaptation and mitigation is critical for many developing countries, mostly in Africa and Southeast Asia. Developing nations are most vulnerable to the effects of the climate quandary. Developing nations may have often looked outwards for solutions to their problems, however, climate changes may necessitate autochthonous or endogenous solutions to curb local problems. This chapter, in broad strokes, reviews and examines climate issues concerned with selected developing nations. Notably, however, the aspects examined and discussed may broadly be applicable to all developing nations. In summary, innovations, stretching from basic and applied university research to dissemination of information in the market place, will be key in developing local technologies to meet the challenges of a carbon-constrained world.