Abstract
Ureteral injuries present a challenge to the urologic surgeon because their treatment requires a thorough knowledge of anatomy, mechanism of injury, and reconstruction techniques. The ureter can be divided into the proximal, middle, and distal ureter, although often management of long or multi-segment injuries is required. Mechanisms of ureteral injury include iatrogenic causes and blunt or penetrating trauma. The surgical management of ureteral injuries may include endoscopic intervention, ureteral reconstruction, or in some cases nephrectomy. Often, more than one procedure is needed. Increasingly, robotic-assisted approaches for reconstruction are utilized, while open and laparoscopic techniques remain important in the surgeon's armamentarium. In appropriate cases, long-term nephrostomy tube or ureteral stent placement may be considered. Ultimately, the goals of management for ureteral injuries are to restore quality of life and preserve renal function.
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