Abstract
Children with a history of foster care and/or adoption experience a transition to an alternative family placement, which may be either transient or permanent. Goals of the processes of both foster care (promoting family support) and adoption (promoting transition to a new family) will be reviewed. The epidemiology of children impacted by foster care and adoption continues to evolve, with a large number of children impacted by prenatal substance exposure in both foster care and adoption, and a decline in international adoptions. Children transitioning to a new home may experience short-term sleeping, eating, and other behavioral challenges. Risk and protective factors impact long-term child outcomes such as attention, learning, and mental health. Identity development for individuals with a history of adoption is an important long-term consideration especially for those with a history of transracial adoption. Strategies to support children and their families in optimizing children’s developmental, emotional, educational, and behavioral outcomes are discussed.
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