Abstract
Recent research reinforces the role of several bio-oxides and corresponding inflammation as attributes of neuronal damage in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. In this chapter, we focus on the implications of oxides in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, with a particular emphasis on schizophrenia and depression. Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, an important regulator of pathophysiological reactions in the central nervous system and its byproduct, peroxynitrite, have long been known to block constituents of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in cellular energy deficit, and subsequently cell death. This chapter also probes human clinical studies of miRNA in psychiatric disorders and their implications in neurodegeneration and neuropsychiatric disorder progression and modulation. miRNA that regulates gene expression at posttranscriptional level are noncoding RNAs. Considered that miRNAs are increasingly recognized in the development of brain and neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, a comprehensive understanding of their dynamics of expression is important throughout brain development.
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