Abstract
Huge amounts of biomass and plastic waste are generated every year all around the world. Current ways of waste recycling are neither economical nor ecological. Furthermore, depletion of fossil fuel, global warming, uncontrollable growth of population, and rapid urbanization pose a serious threat to the environment and call for sustainable resources of energy and consumer products. As an ideal alternative to the fossil fuel-based economy, conversion of plastics, as well as biomass waste, and high-value products such as fuel, should be developed in a more economical way. Increasing interest in bio-fuel production in various forms, as well as recent advancements in different strategies to produce fuel from biomass and plastic waste in sustainable ways are overviewed in this chapter.
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