Abstract
The alumina hermetic electrical feedthrough seal is the basis of a very large industry in dollar value. Bionic implants, a $25 billion global industry, exclusively use alumina feedthroughs. Bionic implants are a special case for electrical feedthroughs, for which the following essential criteria apply:•High biocompatibility.•High electrical resistivity long term in the warm moist corrosive in vivo environment.•Chemically stable long-term in the warm moist corrosive in vivo environment.•Impervious to liquid or gas diffusion through the ceramic, or through the ceramic-platinum interface or ceramic-braze interface in the warm moist corrosive in vivo environment.•Stable ceramic-platinum bonding long term in the warm moist corrosive in vivo environment.•Stable ceramic-braze bond long term in the warm moist corrosive in vivo environment.•High purity and therefore resistance to static fatigue in the warm moist corrosive in vivo environment.
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