Abstract
This chapter describes the system necessary to protect dynamic compressors against surge and corresponding damage. The surge system objectives are to assure that the gas velocity in each impeller stage in any dynamic compressor exceeds the critical velocity that will cause stall. Increase in the relative gas velocity can be achieved by either increasing the speed of the impellers or by adjusting the inlet angle of the gas relative to the impeller vanes. Both alternatives result in the increase of turbo-compressor energy and should provide the higher velocity through the impeller. Accepting the fact that reduced system resistance is the most cost effective way to eliminate surge damage, a number of surge system design considerations should be mentioned. Single parameter surge systems have been employed extensively and very simply consist of a flow measuring device and an antisurge valve. The final system in the evolution of surge controls is the modern microprocessor system which affords many options to fully protect the turbo-compressor against surge occurrences.
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