Abstract
Graphene oxide is the most widely used compound from the miracle material “graphene.” Its impressive size-dependent properties and mass-scale availability ensured that graphene oxide would become a novel substrate for synthesizing graphene oxide-based composites to address the challenges of sustainable, pure, potable water. Various fabricating techniques have been used extensively to develop smart, robust composites with high photocatalytic and adsorption capacity. With those characteristics in mind, this chapter covers up-to-date, effective strategies for synthesizing high-quality graphene oxide–metal oxide composites with uniform morphology on the nanoscale. By bridging the physical and chemical properties of composite materials based strongly on microstructure characterizations, the still uncertain mechanisms of photocatalytic activity enhancement by graphene oxide–metal oxide composites are also discussed. Theoretical and experimental aspects are studied to evaluate composites' photocatalytic and adsorption efficacy to remove noxious, toxic organic and inorganic substances from industrial runoff and bodies of water. Exhaustive scientific and technical studies on overcoming future challenges and fundamental opportunities in the present are reviewed in the practical application of graphene-based composites in water and wastewater purification.
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