Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass, an abundant, cheap, and renewable resource, is a desirable feedstock for biofuels production. Conventional biorefinery of lignocellulosic biomass involving a complex process with various unit operations requires high capital investment and is not cost effective. Currently, several process strategies have been developed for cellulosic ethanol and butanol production. Among them, consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) combining cellulase/hemicellulase production, biomass hydrolysis, and sugar fermentation into one step, can simplify the process and dramatically reduce the capital investment. Many successful attempts have been made to produce butanol and ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass through CBP. This chapter focuses on process and metabolic engineering strategies for ethanol and butanol production from lignocellulosic biomass using natural and engineered microorganisms. Several metabolic engineering strategies to develop strains suitable for ethanol or butanol production from lignocellulosic biomass are also highlighted.
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