Abstract

Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and continued breastfeeding as complementary foods are introduced for 1+ years. Nipple discomfort inhibits breastfeeding goals, particularly 1-8 weeks postpartum. Contributors to nipple soreness include mechanical stressor, infections or inflammatory skin conditions. Although OTC products (eg shields) are available, they can inhibit maternal-infant interactions and exacerbate pain, and there remain no evidence-based guidelines for skin diseases of the nipple.

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